                      T H E   S . A . M .   P A C K A G E
1. S.A.M.-
   This program automatically loads the S.A.M. speech synthesis program. KNOBS,
   the S.A.M. Wedge and leaves the computer ready to accept phonetic input.
2. RECITER-
   Reciter is the English text-to-speech program that interfaces the S.A.M.
   program with ordinary English text input. It is not used for phonetic input
   and is loaded in separately only when English text input is desired (see SAM
   wedge instructions).
3. SAYIT-
   SAYIT is a basic program that allows you to enter strings of phonetic or
   Engish text and hear them spoken immediately. All of the special features of
   S.A.M (pitch control, speed control, KNOBS, etc.) can be accessed within the
   menu-driven SAYIT program.
4. DEMO-
   A basic program that demonstrates some of S.A.M's features, including the
   capacity to change his voice and the ability to sing! (This is on side 2 of
   the cassette version.)
5. SPEECHES-
   Another basic program that features some familiar texts spoken aloud by
   S.A.M.
6. GUESSNUM-
   A talking game in which the player guesses a secret number between 1 and
   100.

USING THE S.A.M. PROGRAMS
Sam is a self-contained machine language program. Your interface to S.A.M. in
basic is the S.A.M. Wedge, another machine language prgoram. To load S.A.M. and
install the S.A.M. Wedge into yoour C64 computer, follow these instruction:

Load "SAM",8 <RETURN> and type RUN <RETURN>

RUNNING THE DEMO PROGRAMS
Once S.A.M. is loaded into your computer, you are ready to run any of the Basic
demonstration programs (SAYIT, DEMO, SPEECHES and GUESSNUM). To do so, follow
these steps:

1. Insert the S.A.M. diskette into your disk drive.
2. Type LOAD "filename",8 <RETURN> where filename is SAYIT, DEMO, SPEECHES or
   GUESSNUM.
3. Type Run <RETURN>


USING THE SAM WEDGE

S.A.M patches into commodore BASIC with the use of the S.A.M. Wedge. The S.A.M.
Wedge is a machine language utility that adds ten new commands to Commodore
BASIC. These commands are used just like any other BASIC commands except that
they are used to generate and control S.A.M.'s speech. You can use them iin the
immediate mode in which you simply tell the computer what to do:
   SAY"I AM A TALKING COMPUTER".
Or, you can use them in the deferred mode in which the Wedge commands are part
of a program:
   10 Say "I AM A TALKING COMPUTER".
The ten new commands are the following:
1. SAY (string variable or string)
   Commands S.A.M. to speak-
     examples:
   a) SAY"MAY4 NEYM IHZ SAE4M." (phoneme string, immediate mode)
   b) 10 SAY "MY NAME IS SAM>" (English string, deferred mode)
   c) A$ = "MY NAME IS SAM."
      SAY A$
      (string variable, immediate mode)
      String arrays may not be used withe the SAY command.
2. ]PITCH n Sets S.A.M.'s speed vallue to n(see page 16 for values)
   example:
   10[PITCH 64
3. [SPEED n Sets S.A.M.'s speed value to n (see page 16 values)
   example:
   10]SPEED 72
4. ]LIGHT n Removes the screen display if n=0, leaves the screen display intact
if n = 1. S.A.M. sounds best with the display removed; if the display
remains, he will growl a little when he talks.
5. [SAM Puts S.A.M. into the phonetic input mode.
   example:
   10]SAM
   20 SAY"AY4 TA0K WIHTH FOW4NIYMZ".
6. ]RECITER Puts S.A.M. into the English input mode (provided RECITER has been
loaded in (see 8 below)).
   example:
   10 ]RECITER
   20 SAY"NOW I TALK WITH ORDINARY WORDS".
7. ]KNOBS n,m Allow you to change S.A.M.'s voice using the KNOBS feature (see
section on KNOBS for details). Set the "throat" value with n and the "mouth"
value with m.
8. ]LOAD loads RECITER into memory from the disk. Make sure RECITER is on the
disk yoou are trying to load it from. When RECITER is loaded into low memory
in your C64, it uses approximately 6k Bytes of basic memory. If RECITER is
load into high memory, it only requires 2k of basic memory but is
incompatible with the DOS Wedge. The S.A.M. Wedge will give you a choice
about where in memory to load RECITER.
9. ]ERROR Beeps twice when you input a phoneme string to S.A.M. and a phoneme
spelling error is detected. To find out where the error occurred, use the
]ERROR command. The command will print out the phoneme string with the
improper character in inverse video. If no error is detected, the ]ERROR
command has no effect.
10.]QUIT Removes the S.A.M. Wedge thereby allowing you to maximize free memory
or use other conflicting wedges. To learn how to free up this additional
memory, see the section on MEMORY USAGE.
Wedge commands 2-10 may be abbreviated by the use of the first two or more
letters in the command (i.e. ]PITCH-->]PI).
Programmers should note that Wedge commands require the following syntax in IF-
THEN statement:
    10 IF A$ = "YES" THEN:SAY "VERY GOOD".
    rather than
    10 IF A$ = "YES" THEN SAY "VERY GOOD".
The colon after THEN is required.
The S.A.M. Wedge is compatible withe the DOS Wedge (DOS 5.1); if RECITER is
used, be sure it is loaded into low memory.


USING KNOBS
KNOBS is a feature of S.A.M. that allows the use of two extra "control knobs"
for S.A.M.'s voice. If we make rough analogies jto the physical structures that
produce speech, these KNOBS allow us to adjust the size of S.A.M.'s throat and
his mouth. Doing this creates different voices without altering the pitch or
speed of the speech (and, of coures, you can still do these things independ-
ently with S.A.M.).
To use KNOBS in your program, simply issue the command ]KNOBS n,m where n and
m are numbers between 0 and 255. A value of 128 in each register results in
S.A.M.'s normal voice. Using higher numbers dilates the throat or mouth.
Experiment with different combinations of values and see what diffent voices
you can get.
Here are a few sample voices to use from KNOBS:

DESCRIPTION        Speed     Pitch     Throat    Mouth
Elf                 72        64        110       160
Little Robot        92        60        190       190
Stuffy Guy          82        72        110       105
Little Old Lady     82        32        145       145
Extra-Terrestrial  100        64        150       200
S.A.M.              72        64        128       128

Example: To have S.A.M. talk like an extra-terrestrial with English test imput,
use the following program:
  10 ]RECITER
  20 ]SPEED 100
  30 ]PITCH 64
  40 ]KNOBS 150,200
  50 SAY"I NEED TO PHONE HOME."


THE RECITER PROGRAM
RECITER is an English text-to-speech program that converts ordinary text into
phonemes that S.A.M. can understand. You simply supply output strings of 255
characters or less to the program. RECITER takes care of the rest.
The program uses about 450 rules to convert English into S.A.M.'s phonetic
language. Included among these rules are some stress markers for situations
where the stress choice is unambiguous. In addition, S.A.M.'s usual punctuation
rules still operate with some additional symbols ("!", ";" and ":") being
considered as periods. The net result is that even directly-translated English
test has a fair amount of inflection.
RECITER also recognizes a number of special character. Numbers are read aloud,
and several others are pronounced as well. If a character is not understood by
RECITER, it simply isn't passed to S.A.M.
We recommend use of RECITER (or any text-to-speech program, for that matter)
only for applications where the user has no control of the text. For example,
text already in a file, text received over a MODEM and text supplied by users
unfamiliar with the phonetic system. Where the highest quality speech with full
inflectiion is desired, we urge yoou to use S.A.M.'s phonetic system.
Don't be discouraged though. You will find that RECITER will do a better job of
speaking from English text than other text-translator products.

I. PHONETIC INPUT TO S.A.M.
S.A.M. is equipped with a version of the easy-to-learn, very readable
International Phoneetic Alphabet. There are about 50 phonemes which will let
you spell all the words in English. Some sounds from foreign languages ar enot
available in the system at this time.
Why use the phonetic system? There are two compelling reason: (1) In the
phonetic system, all the words will be pronounced correctly; and (2) You can
put inflection into the speech however you want it.
If you have already tried the RECITER text-to-speech program, you know that it
does a fair job of pronouncing English words. howerer, it does make mistakes.
Some words sound a little strange and others are difficult to understand. The
reasons for this are not hard to understand. English is a language of
exceptions rather than rules; words that are spelled alike are pronounce
differently ("have" vs. "gave"). A rule system like RECITER cannot pronounce
all words correctly unless it stores an enormous dictionary that takes up vast
amounts of memory. But the second flaw in text-to-speech conversion is more
serious. Such a rule system cannot decide where the stress belongs in what is
being said. The phonetic system in S.A.M., on the other hand, allows you to
decide where to accent syllables within a word and where to stress words within
a sentence.
So it is clear that the preferred way to make S.A.M. speak is with the phonetic
alphabet. But how hard is it to use? It's really easier than writing in English
because you don't have to know how to spell! You only have to know how to say
the word in order to spell it phonetically.
Here is the complete list of phonemes, each presented with a sample word
containing its sound. Note that there are many vowels, which is why they are
all indicated by two letters rather than one.
The phonemes are classified into two categories: vowels and consonants. Among
the vowels are the simple vowel sounds such as the "i" in "sit", the "o" in
"slot," and the "a" in "hat." These vowels start with one sound and end with
another (eg., "oi" in "oil" and the "ow" in "how." These vowels start with one
sound and end with another (eg., "oi" glides from an "oh" sound to an "ee"
sound).
The consonants are also divided into two groups: voiced and unvoiced. The
voiced consonants require you to use yoour vocal chords to product the sound.
Such sounds as "b", "l", "n" and "z" fall into this category. The unvoiced
consonants, on the other hand, are produced entirely by rushing air and include
such sounds as the "p", "t", "h", and "sh" sounds.


PHONETIC ALPHABET FOR S.A.M.
The example words have the sound of the phoneme, not necessarily the same letters.
     VOWELS                            VOICED CONSONANTS
IY           f(ee)t                    R        red
IH           p(i)n                     L        allow
EH           beg                       W        away
AE           Sam                       W        whale
AA           pot                       Y        you
AH           b(u)dget                  M        Sam
AO           t(al)k                    N        man
OH           cone                      NX       so(ng)
UH           book                      B        bad
UX           l(oo)t                    D        dog
ER           bird                      G        again
AX           gall(o)n                  J        judge
IX           dig(i)t                   Z        zoo
                                       ZH       plea(s)ure
   DIPHTHONGS                          V        seven
EY           m(a)de                    DH       (th)en
AY           h(igh)
OY           boy
AW           h(ow)                     UNVOICED CONSONANTS
OW           slow                      S         Sam
UW           crew                      Sh        fish
                                       F         fish
                                       TH        thin
 SPECIAL PHONEMES                      P         poke
UL           sett(le) (=AXL)           T         talk
UM           astron(omy) (=AXM)        K         cake
UN           functi(on) (=AXN)         CH        speech
Q            kitt-en (glottal stop)    /H        a(h)ead

NOTE: The symbol for the "H" sound is /H. A glottal stop is a forced stoppage
of sound.
On the following phoneme chart, you will notice six phonemes-YX, WX, RX, LX,
/X, and DX- which are described as being used by S.A.M.'s rule system. However,
they have been provided with letter coeds so that you may experiment with these
special sounds directly. YX and WX are weaker versions of Y and W. RX and LX
are smooth gliding versions of R and L. /X is the "h" sound in "who", and DX is
the quick flap of the tongue on the upper palate as in the word "pity".

The following symbols are used internally by some of S.A.M.'s rules, buy they
are also available to the user.

YX       diphthong ending
WX       diphthong ending
RX       R after a vowel
LX       L after a vowel
/X       H before a non-front
         vowel or consonant
DX       "flap" as in pity

We are now ready to transcribe ordinary speech into its phonetic representation.
Let's use the following sentence as an example:

                   I do my calculations on the computer.

The first step si to say each word aloud and decide how many syllables are in
the word. A syllable has one vowel phoneme and its associated consonants (if
any). We then identify the proper vowel phoneme by comparing its sound to the
sounds listed in the table, and do the same for the consonants. The resultant
combination of phonemes is the phonetic representation of the syllable. We do
this for each syllable in a word.
In our example, the first word-"I"-is a single phoneme, the dipthong "AY". The
next word-"do"-is a single syllable comprised of the diphthong "UW" preceded by
the voiced consonant "D". The phonetic spelling is therefore "UW". Similarly,
the third word-"my"-again uses the "AY" sound, this time preceded by an "M",
resulting in "MAY".
The word "calculations" has four syllables. The first syllable transcribes as
"KAEL". The "c" sound is pronounced as "k", unlike the "s" pronunciation iin a
word like "cell" (notice there is no "C" in the phoneme table). The next
syllable-"cu"-transcribes as "KYUW." Note here that the "Y" sound prevents this
syllable from being pronounced as "coo". The third syllabble comes out as "LEY"
, and the fourth becomes "SHAXNZ". This word ends withh a voiced sound "Z" and
not the hissy "S" sound as in "list". You will rapidly discover that many words
contain the phonetic combinations "AXL", "AXM" and "AXN." To enhance the
readability of the phonetic spelling, the special symbols "UL," "UM" and "UN"
can be substituted for these combinations. The "tions" syllable is now written
as "SHUNZ". So, "calculations" becomes "KAELKYUWLEYSHUNZ".
The next word "on" becomes "AAN", and "the" becomes "DHAX". By the way, if the
word "the" precedes a word beginning with a vowel, it gets pronounced "thee"
and is spelled "DHIY". You should also notice that the "th" letter combination
has two phonetic representations: unvoiced (TH) as in "thin" or voiced (DH) as
in "the".
By now, the steps used in getting from "computer" to "KUMPYUWTER" should
already be obvious. Try it.
Once you get used to the phonetic system, it will seem very easy and obvious.
Initially, there will be some spellings that seem tricky (Did you know that
"adventure" has a "CH" in it?). However, the rule is always to write the word
the way you say it, not the way you spell it.
To help you learn the system fast, we have provided an English-to-phonetic
spelling dictionary of almost 1500 words. Many common words are in the
dictionary; some unusual ones are in it as well. If you are really stuck on
how to spell a word that isn't in the dictionary, think of another word that
sounds like it and that one may be listed.
In any case, don't hesitate to experiment with the phonetic spelling system.
Let you ears be your guide. This system is easy to learn, easy to use, easy to
read, and you will be amazed at what you can do with it.


II. ADDING STRESS TO S.A.M.'s SPEECH
In the phonetic mode, S.A.M. is capable of speaking with a great deal of
inflection and emphasis. This gives a much more natural and understandable
quality to the speech than is otherwise possible.
The stress system for S.A.M. is particularly easy to use. There are eight
stress markers that can be used simply by inserting a number (1-8) after the
vowel to be stressed. For example, the monotonic pronunciation of the word
"hello" produced by the phonetic spelling "/HEHLOW" becomes a much friendlier
sounding greeting when spelled "/HEH3LOW" becomes a much friendlier sounding
greeting when spelled "/HEH3LOW".
Why do you have to put in the stress markers? Simply because they can go
anywhere and S.A.M. has no way of knowing where you want them to go. The ft-
translator products.

  DOCS BY: DOC'S "R" US BBS 914-668-3664 24 HOURS A DAY 7 DAYS A WEEK!!!!
